Timer

Timer#

The code in this notebook helps with measuring time.

Prerequisites

  • This notebook needs some understanding on advanced concepts in Python, notably

    • classes

    • the Python with statement

    • measuring time

Synopsis#

To use the code provided in this chapter, write

>>> from fuzzingbook.Timer import <identifier>

and then make use of the following features.

The Timer class allows you to measure elapsed real time (in fractional seconds). Its typical usage is in conjunction with a with clause:

>>> with Timer() as t:
>>>     some_long_running_function()
>>> t.elapsed_time()
0.020704666967503726

Measuring Time#

The class Timer allows measuring the elapsed time during some code execution.

import bookutils.setup

import time

# ignore
from typing import Type, Any

def clock() -> float:
    """
    Return the number of fractional seconds elapsed since some point of reference.
    """
    return time.perf_counter()

from types import TracebackType

class Timer:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """Constructor"""
        self.start_time = clock()
        self.end_time = None

    def __enter__(self) -> Any:
        """Begin of `with` block"""
        self.start_time = clock()
        self.end_time = None
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Type, exc_value: BaseException,
                 tb: TracebackType) -> None:
        """End of `with` block"""
        self.end_time = clock()  # type: ignore

    def elapsed_time(self) -> float:
        """Return elapsed time in seconds"""
        if self.end_time is None:
            # still running
            return clock() - self.start_time
        else:
            return self.end_time - self.start_time  # type: ignore

Here’s an example:

def some_long_running_function() -> None:
    i = 1000000
    while i > 0:
        i -= 1

print("Stopping total time:")
with Timer() as t:
    some_long_running_function()
print(t.elapsed_time())

Stopping total time:
0.020959541958291084

print("Stopping time in between:")
with Timer() as t:
    for i in range(10):
        some_long_running_function()
        print(t.elapsed_time())

Stopping time in between:
0.01922783302143216
0.039810792019125074
0.06000966700958088
0.08149537502322346
0.10375195799861103
0.12619870802154765
0.14785908302292228
0.16952008299995214
0.19183695799438283
0.21232758299447596

That’s it, folks – enjoy!

Synopsis#

The Timer class allows you to measure elapsed real time (in fractional seconds). Its typical usage is in conjunction with a with clause:

with Timer() as t:
    some_long_running_function()
t.elapsed_time()

0.020704666967503726

Lessons Learned#

  • With the Timer class, it is very easy to measure elapsed time.

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